Improvement of anode lifetime by flushing during electrofiltration

The paper is focused on the influence of anode flushing on physicochemical conditions in the anode compartment and anode stability during the electrodewatering in electrofilter press. Kaolin suspensions were dewatered in laboratory filter press with stainless-steel electrodes at electric current density of 80 A/m² and pressure of 2?bar. Two electrodewatering methods were compared: conventional (with filtrate drainage) and innovative (with continuous anode flushing using electrolyte solution). Flushing with neutral electrolyte solution significantly reduced the electrochemical anode corrosion, and can be suggested for the improvement of anode lifetime through a better control of physicochemical conditions during electrodewatering.     

Phosphorus removal by adsorbent based on poly-aluminum chloride sludge

Phosphorus adsorption tests were carried out using poly-aluminum chloride sludge (PACS), which was collected from a water treatment plant in Nanjing. The amount of phosphorus adsorbed by PACS increased quickly within the first hour and reached equilibrium after about 48 h. The adsorption behavior of PACS for phosphorus is consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation (R² > 0.99) and parallel first-order kinetic equation (R² > 0.98). With the increase of the PACS concentration, the adsorption capacity of PACS for phosphorus decreased, and the removal rate increased. The results of batch tests showed that the adsorption capacities of PACS for phosphorus ranged from 1.64 to 1.13 mg/g when the pH value varied from 4 to 10. However, the adsorption capacity of PACS was not evidently influenced by temperature. In comparison with the ion exchange resin, the adsorption capacity of PACS was barely inhibited by competitive ions, such as ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$, ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$, and Cl⁻. The PACS surface after adsorption became smooth, and the vibration peaks of Al–O and Al–OH shifted. Both HCl and NaOH have a strong desorption effect on PACS after adsorption saturation, and with higher concentrations of HCl and NaOH, the desorption effect was stronger. Results of column adsorption experiments showed that with lower phosphorus and hydraulic loads, the adsorption column took longer to reach saturation. This indicated that PACS could be used as an efficient material for removal of phosphorus from water. This study provides a new treatment method with PACS.     

超声微波耦合制备P(AM-DMC-BA)及其污泥脱水研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为主单体、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为阳离子单体、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为疏水单体,偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(V-50)为引发剂,通过微波和超声耦合技术合成新型高效阳离子共聚物絮凝剂P(AM-DMC-BA)。考察了原料对P(AM-DMC-BA)特性黏度及转化率的影响,P(AM-DMC-BA)对其进行了表征,并用于污泥脱水实验。结果表明,当单体AM、DMC、BA的质量分数分别为22.5%、7.5%、1%,引发剂V-50的质量分数为2%,尿素的质量分数为1.2%,聚合体系pH为3.5,制得的P(AM-DMC-BA)的特性黏度及转化率最高。当共聚物投加量为45 mg/L、污泥溶液pH为7时,其对污泥有较好的脱水性能,且具有良好的pH抗性。     

高盐高有机制药废水污泥电渗透高干脱水

为研究高盐高有机制药废水污泥的电渗透脱水效果，深入认识化学污泥的电脱水过程，本文采用电渗透高干脱水技术对经抽滤脱水的高盐高有机制药废水化学污泥进行深度脱水，考察了泥饼初始pH的改变对污泥电渗透高干脱水过程中阴阳极污泥的含水率、电流、电导率、pH、zeta电位与能耗的影响，验证了对高盐高有机制药废水污泥实行电渗透高干脱水的可行性，解析了化学污泥电渗透脱水过程的机制。结果表明，泥饼pH为2、3、4时，zeta电位为正值，电渗流反向流动，无法脱水；pH增至5时，zeta电位为负值，电渗流从阴极脱除，污泥含水率从53.2%降至44.8%，脱水效果最好；但pH增至6时，脱水量有所降低。污泥电导率随pH的增加而降低。pH为5时初始电流最大。脱水15min时，即污泥含水率降至45.5%时，能源利用率最高。     

典型油泥物化性质分析及其处理工艺研究

以典型老化油泥为研究对象,通过分析油泥的基本物化性质、油泥中原油的基本组成及性质、油泥中固相的基本组成及性质等信息,针对性地开发了一种分层次联合处理工艺,并通过详细的工艺试验,确定了联合处理方案的最佳工艺参数,在最佳工艺条件下,三层油泥的尾矿干基含油率分别可降低到0.89%、0.62%和0.45%,满足油田对油泥的环保处理要求,为国内外油泥处理方案设计提供了良好的思路。     

Properties evaluation and fabrication of green clay reformulated from water sludge

Water sludge from Sungai Dua Penang fresh water processing plant has been successfully converted into functional pottery clay with improved physicochemical behavior and properties. Water sludge was generally made of kaolinite mineral that consisted of silica and alumina. At 7 h of milling duration, water sludge demonstrated a narrow particle size distribution at the size range of 107–150 µm. Water sludge owned a specific surface area of 27 m²/g with 8.8 nm (diameter) pore size and 0.05 cm³/g pore volume. Plasticity of clay body increased when clay formulation involved fine particles, e.g. water sludge or bentonite, which promote water adsorption ability. Fine particles with large surface area and better compaction also explained the enhanced hardness of pottery clay. The incorporation of clay minerals such as bentonite and sodium silicate into the formulation has facilitated metals immobilization within the clay body. Final clay product has a terra cotta color and performed a uniform shrinkage without obvious fracture. The fabrication of pottery wares from water sludge with minimized metals leakage has not only higher reutilize value but also a cost effective green method for handling waste and environmental issues.     

含油污泥资源化处理方法进展

为更好地回收含油污泥（即油泥）中可用资源，国内外油泥资源化处理方法不断更新和突破，并在室内实验研究阶段取得较好的处理效果。本文从油泥的高温热处理法、常温法、低温冻融法三个方面综述了热解、微波、萃取等油泥资源化处理方法的研究进展、优缺点以及适用条件等。热解法油品回收率达95.8%，具有油泥处置彻底、油品回收质量高的特点。电动力学法处理油泥，油泥减量化达44.3%，采用浮选法，油泥减量化达95%，两种方法均具有操作简单、易实施、适合大批量处理的特点，工程化应用潜力较大。油泥来源不同，性质各异，采用单一技术难以实现大量油泥的资源化和无害化目标。多项技术联合，如热解法联合浮选法或电动力学法处理大规模油泥能提高油品回收率和质量，降低残油率和处理成本，将成为油泥资源化处理技术的发展方向。     

纸绳在家具设计中的应用

目的 从绿色家具视角和纸绳家具设计实例出发,探究纸绳家具的设计原则和方法,旨在为实际应用提供一种新的思路.方法 通过对纸绳材料优势的深入分析,结合实例和现阶段绿色家具的设计要求,分析"6R""以人为本"设计原则在纸绳家具设计中的应用,并指导设计实践.结论 "6R"和"以人为本"的设计原则对纸绳家具设计具有指导作用,所设计的纸绳家具不仅能够避免复合纸板家具不耐水、不耐久等不足,也赋予纸家具产品温馨的人文主义气息,达到功能性与艺术性的完美统一.与此同时,在充分了解材料属性的基础上,赋予纸绳家具可回收、再循环和再利用的环保属性,拟满足当代消费者对产品实用性和环保性的双重要求,这对纸材料在家具设计中的进一步拓展具有重要意义.     

Effect of Fe2+ and Fe0 Applied Photo‐Fenton Processes on Sludge Disintegration

The disintegration of waste active sludge was investigated by photo‐Fenton processes. A batch study was conducted to evaluate parameters, such as Fe²⁺ and Fe⁰ ions and H₂O₂, governing the activated sludge integration by the photo‐Fenton process. Under optimum conditions, the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) with the classical Fenton process (CFP) increased very rapidly in the first five minutes due to the sufficient presence of reaction components in the medium, and then the rate of increase declined. In the modified Fenton process (FTP), the SCOD concentration increased more slowly as metallic iron powder must first be dissolved. The photo‐Fenton process proved to be a feasible and efficient process for the disintegration of waste sludge.     

大冶有色金属公司铜冶炼污泥综合利用

研究采用浸出-沉淀-(载体)浮选法和硫酸、硫脲浸出法回收大冶有色金属公司铜冶炼污泥中铜、金、银,并以污泥浮选尾矿及浸出渣与诺砂、粉煤灰等固体废弃物作为原料,制污泥压制品。铜精矿产率和品位分别为19.72%和14.25%,铜回收率89.06%,金品位和回收率分别为36.80g/t和62.61%,银品位和回收率分别为1090g/t和77.43%。污泥压制品养护过程中强度增长速度正常,达到了国家建材行业标准和危险废物鉴别标准。